Acidity & Ulcer

Acid peptic disease, also known as acidity related disorders, includes a group of conditions characterized by the abnormal production of gastric acid and the damage caused by excess acidity on the lining of the food pipe, stomach and small intestine. When the damage is early and superficial (one layer damaged), it is called inflammation (eg. Gastritis, oesophagitis, erosions). When the damage is deeper (2 layers damaged), it forms an ulcer (eg. Duodenal ulcer, gastric ulcer).

Symptoms

Abdominal discomfort, abdominal burning, abdominal pain, indigestion, bloating, nausea, vomiting and loss of appetite are experience by patients with acidity. The severity of these symptoms can vary depending upon the depth of damage that has happened to the lining of stomach.

Investigations

The severity of damage can be assessed by Endoscopy examination. This examination takes about 2-3 minutes and performed after spraying the throat with Local anaesthetic solution. It can be done under sedation for anxious patients. This examination is always performed in empty stomach. During this examination a sample will be taken to check for presence of Helicobacter pylori bacteria.

Diagnostic Tests

Doctors may recommend the following diagnostic tests to confirm the presence of stomach ulcers or acidity-related issues:

Endoscopy: A procedure to directly view the stomach lining and identify ulcers or tissue damage.
Breath Test: Used to detect H. pylori infections, a common cause of ulcers.
Stool Test: Checks for blood or signs of infection related to ulcers.
Blood Test: Detects infections or inflammation markers associated with ulcers or acidity problems. These tests help doctors determine the underlying causes and guide appropriate treatment.

Treatment

Lifestyle: Regular eating habits, smoking cessation, stopping alcohol intake and stress management
Diet: Avoiding spicy food, oily food and excess caffeine
Medications for acidity control: There are medications (proton pump inhibitors, H2 blockers) that control the acid production which can be used for variable duration depending on the severity of the problem. Antacid medications can be used to neutralize the acid that is already produced to get quick relief of symptoms
Antibiotics: If the presence of Helicobacter pylori bacteria is confirmed on examination, then patients need a 2-week antibiotic regimen to eradicate it. Antibiotics are not needed for patients whose samples are negative for Helicobacter pylori

Regular follow-up appointments are crucial to monitor recovery and prevent recurrence:

Symptom Review: Doctors will assess if the treatments are effective and adjust them if needed.
Repeat Tests: In cases of H. pylori infection, a follow-up breath or stool test may be conducted to ensure the infection is eradicated.
Lifestyle Reinforcement: Continuous support for maintaining healthier eating habits and stress management.
Warning Signs: Patients should report any recurring symptoms, such as pain or bleeding, immediately. Ongoing follow-up helps ensure ulcers heal completely and reduces the risk of future complications.

Conclusion

Acidity and ulcer issues can cause significant discomfort and, if ignored, may lead to severe complications, including damage to the stomach lining or esophagus. Recognizing symptoms like heartburn, nausea, or abdominal pain and understanding their causes is crucial for effective management. Timely diagnosis and appropriate treatment can alleviate symptoms and prevent further complications. By adopting healthy habits such as a balanced diet, avoiding triggers, managing stress, and seeking medical guidance, you can effectively prevent and manage acidity and ulcers for better health.

Frequently Asked Questions

Yes, acidity can contribute to the development of ulcers. Excess stomach acid can irritate the stomach lining, especially when protective mucus is reduced. Over time, this irritation may lead to peptic ulcers. However, other factors like H. pylori infection and prolonged NSAID use also play a significant role.

To check for a stomach ulcer, doctors may perform a physical exam and recommend tests like an upper endoscopy, where a thin tube with a camera is inserted into the stomach. They may also test for H. pylori bacteria using breath, blood, or stool tests. Imaging tests like X-rays may be used too.

Hunger itself doesn’t directly cause ulcers, but going long periods without food can increase stomach acid levels, which may irritate the stomach lining. This irritation can worsen existing ulcers or contribute to their development, especially if combined with other factors like H. pylori infection or frequent use of painkillers.

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At The ARC Gut Clinic, Dr. Senthil Kumar Ganapathi, a distinguished Gastrointestinal Surgeon, brings unparalleled expertise in Colorectal Surgery. Renowned for his proficiency in minimally invasive techniques, he offers advanced solutions for Colon and Rectal Cancers, ensuring precision care and optimal outcomes for every patient.